E. coli is a rod-shaped bacterium with a length of about 2 micrometer and 0.5 micrometer diameter. E. cell volume coli ranged 0.6-0.7 cubic micrometer. These bacteria generally live in ranges including 20-40 degrees C, optimum at 37 degrees. We may be many who do not know if the human large intestine contained a number of E. coli that functions decompose food scraps. Of the several hundred strains of E. coli were identified, only a fraction are pathogens, such as strain O157: H7. Bacteria whose name is derived from the inventor Theodor Escherich who discovered it in 1885 is a type of bacteria that became one of the backbone of the biotechnology world. Almost all genetic engineering biotechnology in the world always involves E. coli genetic effect is simple and easy to be engineered. Research on E. coli as a model for application to other types of bacteria. This bacterium is also the medium most frequently used cloning. Recombinant DNA techniques would not exist without the help of these bacteria.

Many chemical industry applying fermentation technology that utilizes E. coli. For example in the production of medicines (insulin, antibiotics), high value chemicals (1-3 propanediol, lactate). Theoretically, thousands of types of chemical products can be produced by this bacterium genetic origin has been engineered in such a way as to produce a particular product type desired. If given the role of biotechnology in the science aspects of human life, it can not be denied is how much benefit E. coli for us.

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With the Health Plan and Social Welfare, manchego background Castilian, took place the day SIPA scientific experience in Quebec, which for some years the social and health come together to care for dependent elderly integrating services, resources and professionals, is today one of the highlights in greater international acceptance, the Board informed in a press release.

Organized by the Foundation for Health Research of Castilla-La Mancha (FISCAM), as part of the 25th anniversary of the Hospital General Universitario de Albacete, the Canadian sociologist and professor of the Department of Health Management, Faculty of Medicine, University Montreal (Canada), François Béland, explained the work carried out in Québec in recent years to a hundred professionals Castilian-La Mancha, workers in most social and health fields.

SIPA model is a system of care and project explores new ways to conceive, organize, provide and fund services for older people in situation of dependence, base their clinical practice in primary care, integrating the Social and Health Services that the person needs and ensuring continuity of care and consistency of work among different professionals and agencies in the areas community, hospital and residential.

In this regard, José Luis Lopez said that “the history of recent years in our country is the story of progress and improvement in the means and resources that people need to live better, happier and we have more quality life. And that’s what we want also our plan of Health and Social Welfare. “

“We managed to have some great health and social systems in Spain and Castilla-La Mancha, still needs be achieved but what is best in the world.’s Good that these two systems would be able to work together. Experience Quebec, which focuses on the integration and participation, shows that this is possible, difficult and complicated, but possible. “

Along with the director general for Planning and Evaluation have been Álvaro Santos, director general of the Health Care SESCAM; Jesus Martin Sanchez, managing director of the Hospital Universitario de Albacete, Rosa Perez Iniesta, councilor of Solidarity, Cooperation and Integration of the City of Albacete Angelina Martinez, Provincial Delegate for Health and Social Welfare in Albacete.

All have agreed on the importance of organizing a conference of this type, which shows that future health care should go hand in hand with social, because patients are increasingly older, more dependent, more fragile with various diseases and some chronic.

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According to this expert group said on the occasion of World Day for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), which is celebrated on the 27th May, 25 percent of new cases of ulcerative colitis or Crohn’s disease diagnosed in the hospitals were in people younger 18 and for processing, propose to modify the usual diet as “beat up the inflammatory processes of any kind and helps reduce the consumption of drugs.” “Inflammatory or restrictive diets have a central role since it can have a positive impact on the evolution of processes, reduce crises and improving the nutritional status of the patient,” explains José Francisco Tinao, medical director of the IEB, also highlighting the importance of detoxification programs that facilitate the work of the liver and the elimination of toxic compounds.

Thus, the soluble fiber found in apples, nuts and oats, reduce inflammation and strengthen the immune system. This kind of fiber, in addition to capture water, are able to reduce and slow the absorption of fats and sugars from food, so that help regulate cholesterol levels and blood glucose. Also propose that the anti-inflammatory menu, based, on one hand, the elimination of pro-inflammatory foods like red meat, cow’s milk, flour, refined, simple sugars and trans fat, the latter present in ‘snacks’ and savory snacks, pre-cooked products, cookies, margarine and bakery products. The diet of these patients required instead to increase consumption of foods rich in omega 3 fatty acids, which are not produced internally in the body and are found especially in oily fish and nuts, and that “thanks to his contribution, improves performance of the body and reduces inflammation. ” In addition, the menu must prevail, according to Tina, vegetables and grains complex, unroasted seeds and white meats, preparing all this menu either grilled, steamed or baked. And is that when a crisis occurs, with symptoms ranging from lack of appetite, fatigue, fever or abdominal pain, “regardless of the diet is followed, starting diarrhea hits that irritate the gut and weaken the immune system,” explains IEB in a statement. AFFECTING OFFICERS OR PERSONS “UNDER PRESSURE” On the other hand, Tina and her team say the role of stress is “undeniable” in the evolution of both pathologies, such as shows that among those affected “are often managers or persons who usually work under pressure.” This is because the situations of extreme tension affecting the nervous system and affect the function of the digestive tract, hence the need to use mind-body techniques for patients to be able to “manage your stress and make resting phases or sleep to be repaired, “said Jose Francisco Tinao, medical director of the IEB. To do this, Tinao acknowledges that visualization programs, relaxation techniques or performing heart coherence, are useful to address the problem “without resorting to the use of tranquilizers or medications with side effects.” Serosanguineous diarrhea tend to predominate in ulcerative colitis and Crohn abdominal pain, but symptoms and signs overlap with other clinical expressions may also extraintestinal. In the evolution of both diseases complications such as perforation, bleeding and intestinal obstruction can often lead the patient to the operating room and in some cases it might present a global malnutrition or deficiencies of essential nutrients.

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Breast milk has several mechanisms of protection:

• The composition of milk contains substances that hinder the development of viruses and bacteria such as lysozyme, lactoferrin, immunoglobulins, factor bifidófilo.
• Being a natural substance, produced especially for the baby, does not irritate the intestine, so that the infant mucosal barrier remains intact, thus not allowing the entry of foreign substances.
• If the mother has an acute, produces antibodies that pass into breast milk, protecting the baby. This is true for diarrhea, etc..
Care to diseases of infants:

The baby’s immune system has been consolidated during the first moments of life. From birth it is necessary to monitor the baby for any signs of illness early. It is also essential to continue the vaccination schedule for prevention of diseases in infants, which could be fatal.

The procedure for diagnosis of diseases is to identify specific clinical symptoms during the first week of life, as a way of recognizing them.

There are a number of measures to prevent diseases of infants:

Dehydration, for example, can be seen because the baby cries and drink any liquid eagerly offered.

As dehydration progresses, the fontanelles may appear swollen and sunken eyes. Also the mouth and tongue become dry and rough. And may have a fever.

When the baby is otitis (inflammation in any area of the ear) which can be caused by an infection or not. dangerous accumulation of fluid in the inner ear.

The causes of otitis can be simple, such as bath water entering the ear canal, irritating the skin. You can also become infected root hairs in the area. Colds are the cause of otitis media, because the mucous membranes become inflamed, blocking the Eustachian tube.
If the baby gets used to taking a bottle very bed, milk passes to the Eustachian tube, causing inflammation.

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The Health Ministry said MPB’s disease may be caused by intestinal viruses, with the EV71 and the Coxsackievirus (Cox A16) were the most common.

MPB’s disease usually starts with a slight fever followed by blisters and ulcers in the mouth and rashes on hands and feet. Those with EV71 often show serious signs. It can also cause meningitis, encephalitis, pneumonia, and edema and paralysis in some children. So far no vaccine for the disease.

The Health Department has sent expert teams to Heze to implement emergency treatments and control measures and prevention of disease.

Some groups came to Heze tonight to begin research on the disease and disinfection operations, technical training and medical education among people.

They were also sent medical teams to Heze to help in combating the disease.

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AIDS poses a significant threat to both the mother and her child. It is advisable to carry out testing for HIV. It is increasingly common for the gynecologist ordering this test to pregnant women on their first visit although neither it nor its partner belonging to a risk group.

Rubella, or: can be very harmful to the fetus and cause serious malformations. They can also increase the risk of abortion and cause premature birth. If you have already passed or have been vaccinated, the risk that the contract and they affect your baby does not exist. If not and you contract the infection during pregnancy, sometimes there are treatments to prevent your child sick, but the best thing is to get vaccinated against these diseases before pregnancy if possible.

Toxoplasmosis: Caused by a parasite that can be contracted in the feces of cats in the land of plants and in raw or undercooked meat. The parasite can cause brain damage to the developing baby if you become infected during pregnancy. The risk of transmission is higher in the last trimester of pregnancy, but is most severe in the first three months.If pregnant once you have no choice to live every day with pets, simply follow a series of recommendations. Avoid cleaning your stools or at least wear gloves. The same if you make gardens. It is best to feed your cat or dog with canned meat. It is very important to wash hands thoroughly after contact with soil, cats, raw meat and vegetables. And as for your diet avoid eating raw, undercooked or cured meats and vegetables make sure that this well-washed fresh.

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Most of these defects are inherited in an autosomal recessive or X-linked, so there is not always a history of disease in parents, only a few are inherited in dominant form.

Early detection of such conditions allows appropriate treatment early and this improves the prognosis of these patients to stop the progression of the disease and its complications and sequelae.

How are inborn errors of metabolism (IEM)?

Currently about 500 known inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) which are classified according to the metabolic pathway is altered, the role of the enzyme concerned, of substances related to it or involved in cell body the metabolic pathway affected.

There are three main groups:

1. By the accumulation of large or complex molecules.
2. For toxicity caused by small molecules
3. By defects in the production or use of energy

GROUP I: at-large complex molecules

These include diseases that affect the production or degradation of complex molecules such as would all the components of cell membranes or tissues. The symptoms will be permanent, progressive, independent of other diseases and are NOT related to food. This group of diseases lysosomes or peroxisomes which are basic components of the cell.

GROUP II: small molecules for toxicity

EIM includes leading to acute or progressive intoxication due to the accumulation of toxic compounds. To this group belong

* Disorders in the metabolism of some amino acids phenylketonuria, urine disease maple syrup smell
* Disturbances in carbohydrate metabolism: galactosemia, hereditary fructose intolerance.
* Disruption of the urea cycle.

The diseases in this group have clinical similarities, including symptom-free intervals alternate with signs of intoxication may be acute. Imbalances are often accompanied by systemic or widespread:

* Acidosis (a condition characterized by excess acid in body fluids).
* Ketosis (a state of acidosis is characterized by the presence of high concentrations of acetone in blood and urine.
* Hyperammonemia (metabolic disorder characterized by high levels of ammonia in the blood)
* Hypoglycemia (low blood glucose)

The diagnosis is usually simple and is based on the study of blood and urine amino and organic acids

GROUP III: defects in production or use of energy

In these cases the body does not include the energy needed for normal operation, since an overall multi-organ failure, being the organs most commonly affected:

* Liver
* Myocardial (heart muscle)
* Striated muscle
* Central nervous system (brain)

Are common diseases?

IEM are rare genetic conditions individually but collectively numerous. The number of metabolic diseases is steadily increasing to the extent that we have new concepts and techniques for the identification of biochemical phenotypes (phenotype is any detectable characteristic of an organism (eg, structural, biochemical.

on physiological and behavioral) determined by an interaction between genetic information and its environment).

The incidence varies between different races, for example, CF has an incidence of 1 in 1600 newborns of European descent, sickle cell anemia occurs in 1 in every 600 live births of African parents and Tay Sachs disease is 1 in 3,500 live births Ashkenazi Jews.

What are the main symptoms of inborn errors of metabolism?

The EIM can affect any organ or system and sometimes several of them simultaneously. The manifestations depend on the affected pathway and the intensity of default. They tend to progress rapidly and impair the patient’s condition within hours or it may manifest as episodic decompensation and lapses with asymptomatic (without signs or symptoms) or have an evolution that will take decades to manifest clinically. The age at which symptoms begin to appear, depends on the metabolic error.

There is great diversity of signs and symptoms that guide the physician to the diagnosis of EIM and we will be separated into five basic groups according to age of presentation and form of presentation of them:

1. Acute symptoms in the neonatal period
2. Late-onset symptoms
3. General symptoms and progressive chronic
4. Characteristic symptoms and permanent
5. Congenital malformations

1) Acute symptoms in the neonatal period

This is usually a term infant, apparently healthy in their first hours of life, which after a few hours or days of power begins to deteriorate for no apparent reason and does not respond to symptomatic treatment, but all these symptoms can begin in pregnancy or presented in the immediate neonatal period (forms of energy deficit and inborn errors of metabolism of complex molecules).

There are no specific symptoms of a metabolic disorder in this period of life. The clinical manifestations of the newborn are limited and nonspecific and often attributed to other common processes such as sepsis (generalized infection) or respiratory distress syndrome (also often accompany metabolic diseases). However, there are some common forms of presentation of the EIA in this age:

* Neurological or neuromuscular symptoms: is the most common in the newborn. Disorders of sucking and swallowing, vomiting, hypotonia (low muscle tone), respiratory distress, lethargy or fatigue, convulsions, coma, and CNS malformations.
* Symptoms Liver: hepatic failure (liver failure) in neonatal fulminant is usually due to an inborn error of intermediary metabolism (which is made or occurs in a middle stage).
* Symptoms Cardiac rhythm disorders mainly or progressive cardiomyopathy.
* Other signs: progressive failure of all systems (multi-system failure), dysmorphic syndromes, blood disorders, kidney, skin, etc., Can be just an expression of neonatal EIM.

There is a bit more specific elements, like the smell of the newborn, which can be very characteristic. The most characteristic odor of burnt sugar is maple syrup, typical of the second most common metabolic disease, the disease-smelling urine maple syrup. The smell of sweaty feet seen in isovaleric acidemia (disorder where people can not fully break down proteins) and glutaric aciduria type 2 (is an inborn error of metabolism of the essential amino acids lysine and tryptophan), the smell of cat urine in multiple carboxylase deficiency (defects of the intermediary metabolism of carbohydrates associated with lactic acidosis.; tyrosinemia (caused by the deficiency of the enzyme terminal degradation pathway of tyrosine) is characterized by the smell of cooked cauliflower, and phenylketonuria, smells of damp and mouse.

Given the clinical suspicion of an EIM physicians should initiate a study of additional tests to confirm that suspicion and guide the baby’s diagnosis.

The interval between birth and the onset of symptoms can vary from hours to weeks depending on the degree of metabolic block, environmental conditions and feeding the baby is receiving. In general, all studies of routine that makes them normal (chest radiograph, cerebrospinal fluid analysis, bacterial cultures and cerebral ultrasound).

THIS UNEXPECTED AND MYSTERIOUS DETERIORATION AFTER A NORMAL PERIOD IS THE MOST IMPORTANT KEY TO SUSPECT THE PRESENCE OF AN EIM.

How is an energy deficit type box?

In the EIM energy production, both production and energy use are affected. T he symptoms come on quickly after childbirth or after a few hours of birth and the property is a serious commitment to life and if nothing is done giving energy, death ensues.

The clinical presentation is diverse and their severity but there is no period without symptoms.

The most common symptoms are:

* Loss of strength or muscle tone widespread
* Growth of abnormal heart
Rapidly progressive neurological deterioration *
* Congenital malformations

They are also frequent low blood sugar and lactic acid elevation in plasma.

2) Late submission

In almost one third of babies with IEM, the appearance of symptoms is delayed. The interval without symptoms may be a year or more or appear in adolescence and adulthood. The disease can occur when there is a crisis, either by presenting a minor viral infection, fever, severe constipation or excessive intake of protein.

The clinical data of late onset may be acute and recurrent these are:

* Ataxia or loss of balance
* Vomit
* Metabolic acidosis

3) chronic and progressive clinical manifestations

Usually produce digestive and neurological manifestations. Digestive diseases such as anorexia or loss of appetite, vomiting, chronic diarrhea and growth arrest are frequently attributed to other conditions and are misdiagnosed as intolerance to milk protein, celiac disease, gastrointestinal infections and pyloric stenosis among others. There are a number of neurological symptoms at the same time also often confused with other illnesses or are misdiagnosed, which include mental retardation, dystonia or torsion of a limb, stiffness, Parkinson’s, dementia, epilepsy, or intellectual impairment

4) Clinical features and permanent:

There are a number of signs and symptoms that may alert the physician to make the diagnosis of EIA. For example, the dislocation of the lens of the eye and thromboembolic events that occur in homocystinuria (amino acid metabolism disorder of methionine), dark urine that occurs in alkaptonuria (disorder of the metabolism of tyrosine) and cherry-red spot at the bottom eye is typical of gangliosidosis (group of inherited diseases caused by an accumulation of gangliosides, a type of chemical found in nerve tissue, especially in neurons) and Tay Sachs disease common in Jews.

5) Congenital malformations associated with inborn errors of metabolism

The vast majority of EIM not occur with birth defects, which explains that the organ damage is later because in the perinatal period often maternal metabolism fetal overcome their deficiencies. Many babies with accumulation of complex molecules show changes at birth as congenital cataracts in galactosemia. The dysmorphic facial features or rare conditions are shown in energy deficit and are frequently: the middle of the face as well as small and malformed kidney cysts, small head, fingers, more so. as in the Smith Lemli Opitz Syndrome.

What is the importance of diagnosis for EIM?

In all cases, because they are genetic diseases, accurate diagnosis is essential for proper genetic counseling to the family. For parents of the patient is up to 25% risk of recurrence. EIM For those with specific treatment, accurate diagnosis is essential for the couple to offer prenatal diagnosis in subsequent pregnancies.

Do they treat these diseases?

For some forms of acute onset (newborn and intermittent acute forms more later), emergency treatment is aimed at reducing the production of toxic metabolites proximal to freezing point and at the same time stimulating anabolism (one of the two parts of metabolism responsible for the synthesis or formation of more complex molecules from simpler ones) with a high energy intake.

On the other hand, depending on the severity of symptoms, can be used exogenous detoxification measures such as exchange transfusion, peritoneal dialysis, hemodialysis, and in some cases, increase the elimination of toxic product. Liver transplantation, the contribution of diet and enzyme permanent restraining are other treatments that may apply. Finally, there is a group of IEM that does not have specific treatment.

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Eye diseases are annoying and may even cause serious disruption to those who suffer. But many of them can be effectively treated, while others such as AMD, may delay its appearance.
In an interview Dr. Mario Mercado, cornea specialist, said the Macular Degeneration Age-related (AMD) is a degenerative disease of the central area of the retina called the macula, the part of the eye responsible for visual acuity is required for any activity that requires seeing things in some detail, such as reading or driving. “The cells of the retina, the nervous system be not be reproduced, does not regenerate,” said Dr. Mercado.

“About AMD is poorly understood, for example in Mexico, is currently the second leading cause of blindness, we must begin to create awareness about this disease that mainly affects people aged 60 has recently been discovered that appears in maculopathy younger people, starting from 50 years of age, is a disease that many people do not know exists, “said Mario Mercado ophthalmologist.

WHO data, say that 150 million people worldwide suffer from the Macular Degeneration Age-Related. Reason enough to start to prevent this disease, since age, along with the bad habits and other diseases are risk factors.

Although it is known that the familial predisposition – genetic factors – are “essential” in the development of this disease is no less true that “some external factors such as snuff or modified diet are responsible for people predisposed to get or not AMD to develop. ”

In addition to the ultraviolet rays that are toxic to the eyes. Food is a factor that can act both as protective and risk in the development of certain eye diseases such as AMD. In connection with this disease, has increased the use of antioxidants and multivitamins, since a study showed that using high doses of vitamins and minerals may slow the progression of AMD.

Ensure a varied diet rich in fruits, vegetables, oily fish and oils such as olive and soybean, along with the daily practice of exercise and the abandonment of snuff, is a healthy lifestyle and ideal for the prevention of AMD.

Similarly, administration of nutritional supplements with vitamin C, E, zinc, lutein and omega-3 fatty acids is being studied in a new phase of the AREDS study, as it tries to find a new formulation that enhances a protective effect diet.

But the doctor, calls for special care to prevent abuse of the intake of these vitamins, “many people abuse them,” he says.

“These days there are already several treatments for AMD, the schools only have the capacity to stop it. In Mexico already has the first dietary supplement, Drusen Laz, with associations that protect and prevent AMD. “The most common cause of blindness in people over 55 years. The prevalence increases with age older than 75 years represents about 42%. According to a doctoral thesis at the Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Salamanca.

The nutritional supplement with the ideal combination of carotenoids and antioxidants, protects the retina of photoinduced damage. Improves visual function parameters. And it offers a safety profile similar to placebo, even in smokers.

The supplement has proven clinical efficacy on visual function in patients with AMD, after continuous treatment with the association carotenoids / antioxidants. Shown improvement and stabilization of the main parameters of visual function. Increase in macular pigment density (Raman spectroscopy). And improvement in central retinal function (ERGmf *).

Moreover, the lack of macular pigment is associated with increased risk factors for AMD. But the intake of lutein and zeaxanthin is associated with a moderately lower risk of AMD.

What to do?
Your best defense is to have regular checkups, because eye diseases do not always have symptoms. Early detection and early treatment can prevent blindness. If you experience sudden changes in vision, vision is blurred or see flashing lights, promptly seek the help of a trained professional eye care. Other symptoms requiring prompt attention are pain, double vision, runny liquid in the eye and swelling.

It is of utmost importance that people over 60 years detected something strange in your vision, come immediately to a retinal specialist ophthalmologist.

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Diseases transmitted through contaminated water may be caused by standing water with insect breeding, direct contact with water, consuming contaminated water or chemical and microbiological water misuse. Diseases transmitted through contaminated water, insects and bacteria are: cholera, typhoid and paratyphoid, bacillary and amoebic dysentery, diarrhea, infectious hepatitis, parasitic, filariasis, malaria, trypanosomiasis, onchocerciasis, schistosomiasis, trachoma, conjunctivitis and ascariasis, among other . The pool water can also transmit diseases such as athlete’s foot, septic throat, ear and eye infections. Transmitted disease, symptoms and treatment depend on the type of microorganisms present in water and its concentration.

The most common bacteria followed by disease / infection and symptoms are:

1. Aeromonas sp.
Enteritis
Severe watery diarrhea with blood and mucus

2. Campylobacter jejuni
Campylobacteriosis
Flu, diarrhea, headache and stomach, fever, cramps and nausea

3. Escherichia coli
Urinary tract infections, neonatal meningitis, intestinal disease
Watery diarrhea, headaches, fever, uremia, liver damage

4. Plesiomonas shigelloides
Plesiomonas-infection
Nausea, stomach cramps and watery diarrhea, sometimes fever, headache and vomiting

5. Salmonella typhi
Typhoid fever
Fever

6. Salmonella sp.
Salmonellosis
Dizziness, intestinal cramps, vomiting, diarrhea and sometimes a mild fever

7. Streptococcus sp.
Disease (gastro) intestinal
Stomach pains, diarrhea and fever, sometimes vomiting

8. Vibrio El Tor (freshwater)
Cholera (mild)
Severe diarrhea

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Summary:
I. Approach II. Basic type. Article 368 of the CP 1. Objective factors a) Conduct typical. Is contained in Article 368 of the Penal Code b) legally protected c) material object d) atypical behaviors

2. Subjective elements), failure of prohibition and error type b) Intent to distribution of illicit substance possessed III. Ownership and participation 1. Introduction 2. Authorship and complicity in March. The Organization as drug trafficking) Introduction b) Review of the scientific doctrine c) Review of the Court d) The criminal enterprise as an alternative to the concept of organization IV. An imperfect forms. Introduction 2. Tentative assumptions a) The parcels b) Plantations c) The landing of drug V. Aggravated 1 subtypes. Aggravated subtypes of article 369 of Criminal Code) Circumstance first: professional qualifications of the participant b) Circumstance second: membership organization c) third circumstance: participation in other activities d) fourth Circumstance: establishments open to the public e) fifth Circumstance: quality recipient’s personal f) sixth Circumstance: notorious importance g) seventh Circumstance: adulteration of substances h) eighth Circumstance: the place of commission of the offense i) ninth Circumstance: the use of violence or weapons j) tenth Circumstance: 2 drug smuggling. Subtypes of special aggravation of Article 370 of the Penal Code VI. The subtypes privileged partnerships and consumer-dealer VII. Procedural Aspects 1. Wiretapping 2. The analysis of the substance ANNEXES Instruction 7 / 2004 of 26 November on the citation for the act of the trial of the expert authors of reports on analysis of substances seized in cases of crimes against public health 1. THE PROBLEM 2. The analysis of the drug in the regular process for crimes

3. Specialties of drug testing in the summary procedure in April. Conclusions Agreement room full of second dated October 19, 2001 Bibliography

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